My conclusion is that far from being intended as a theory explaining the entire universe that the paṭicca-samuppāda has more limited and specific application in the Pāli texts: Paṭicca-samuppāda seeks to explain the arising and passing away of the mental experience of suffering (as distinct from the physical experience of pain).
The thesis statement of the Introduction functions in the same way as the controlling idea of the paragraph (see ). That is, it states the writer's perspective on the topic of the essay or assignment.
As good a guide as inborn instinct is in so many respects, this is one animal for which society, too, makes all the difference in the world.While much of what it means to be a better elephant is conveyed by example — along with ear flaps, trunk movements, smell signals, and other forms of body language — elephants vocalize prodigiously as well, engaging in elaborate discussions as part of every activity.
Most of the advice in this handout pertains to argumentative or exploratory academic essays. Be aware, however, that different genres have their own special expectations about beginnings and endings. Some academic genres may not even require an introduction or conclusion. An annotated bibliography, for example, typically provides neither. A book review may begin with a summary of the book and conclude with an overall assessment of it. A policy briefing usually includes an introduction but may conclude with a series of recommendations. Check your assignment carefully for any directions about what to include in your introduction or conclusion.
Introductions and conclusions play a special role in the academic essay, and they frequently demand much of your attention as a writer. A good introduction should identify your topic, provide essential context, and indicate your particular focus in the essay. It also needs to engage your readers’ interest. A strong conclusion will provide a sense of closure to the essay while again placing your concepts in a somewhat wider context. It will also, in some instances, add a stimulus to further thought. Since no two essays are the same, no single formula will automatically generate an introduction and conclusion for you. But the following guidelines will help you to construct a suitable beginning and end for your essay.
